Course content

• Introduction

• General Background.
• Power factor concept.
• Reactive power regulating devices.
• Generator exciter– capacitors – reactors – static VAR compensators.
• Shunt capacitors and their location and size to reduce losses in distribution.

• Representation of Individual power System Components:

• The Overhead Transmission Line.
• Evaluation of Transmission Line Parameters.
• Underground and Cables.
• Shunt Elements.
• Series Elements.
• On load tap changing transformers.
• Power factor improvement of resistance welders.
• Power factor improvement of arc welding transformers.
• Power factor improvement for induction furnaces.

• Power factor test:

• The meaning of reactive power and active power.
• The meaning of compensation of reactive power, why is it necessary?  The difference between shunt compensation and series compensation.
• The application of shunt capacitors and series capacitors.
• Shunt capacitors and shunt reactors.
• The optimum location and size used in power system.
• At what voltage levels are the shunt capacitors installed.
• Standard rating of capacitor units and capacitor banks.
• The methods of voltage-control in power systems.
• Economic of power capacitors.
• Synchronous condenser and static shunt compensator.
• Effect of reactive power flow on voltages.

• Harmonics and source of harmonics

• Diodes – Thyristors – Transformers.
• Elimination of harmonics.
• Filters, harmonic suppression.
• Star – Delta transformers.
• Problem caused by harmonics.
• Individual compensation.

• Power factor correction calculation example.

• Measurement of power factor.
• The effect of shunt capacitors in distribution systems.
• Computer Results for sample networks.
• Selection of capacitor size and location to reduce distribution losses.
• Selection of standard capacitor units and capacitor bank.
• Rating of power capacitors.
• Saving in electrical energy and economic aspects in using shunt capacitors.

• Design of an automatic power factor improvement unit.

• Protective Relays and Protective Schemes:
• Introduction
• Protective Schemes.
• Low-voltage protection.
• Performance Check of Protective Relays and Measuring Equipment.
• Capacitor Protection.
• Protection against resonance

• Earthing and bonding:

• Disadvantages of ungrounded systems.
• Types of grounding.
• Earthing transformers, current transformers, and voltage transformers.
• Safety Grounding.

• Case Study-Discussion-Evaluation.

 Who Can Benefit?

All engineers and technicians involved in the power sectors and power station operation and maintenance, and also in the factories, and enterprises, especially in distribution system

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